Allied Command Operations (ACO), officially known as Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE), is one of the two strategic commands of NATO. It is responsible for the planning, execution, and support of all NATO operations, including peace support, crisis response, and collective defense operations. Here are detailed insights into ACO:
History and Formation
- ACO was established in 1951 following the Korean War, which prompted NATO to enhance its military capabilities in Europe. General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the first Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR).
- The command was initially headquartered in Rocquencourt, France, but moved to Casteau, Belgium, in 1967 after France withdrew from NATO's integrated military structure.
Structure and Command
- Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR): A U.S. four-star general or admiral who has operational command over NATO forces in Europe. This position is always held by an American due to the significant U.S. military presence and commitment to European security.
- Deputy SACEUR: Traditionally a senior European officer, responsible for supporting the SACEUR and often involved in strategic planning and liaison with European military structures.
- Operational Command: ACO oversees several Joint Force Commands (JFCs) located in Brunssum, Netherlands, and Naples, Italy, which can conduct operations independently or in conjunction with other NATO forces.
Role and Responsibilities
- Operational Planning: ACO develops contingency plans for various scenarios, including defense against an armed attack on NATO territory.
- Crisis Management: It plays a key role in managing NATO's response to crises, from humanitarian assistance to counter-terrorism operations.
- Force Generation: ACO ensures that NATO member countries can provide forces for operations when required.
- Training and Exercises: It conducts regular exercises to maintain readiness and interoperability among NATO forces.
Recent Operations
- ACO has been instrumental in operations like:
- Operation Allied Force (1999) in Kosovo
- ISAF (International Security Assistance Force) in Afghanistan (2003-2014)
- Operation Unified Protector in Libya (2011)
External Links
Related Topics