Android
Android is a mobile operating system based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Here's a detailed overview:
History
- Origin: Android Inc. was founded in October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White with the intent to develop an advanced operating system for digital cameras. However, the focus soon shifted towards smartphones.
- Acquisition by Google: In July 2005, Google acquired Android Inc., and the team began developing a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel.
- Open Handset Alliance: Announced in November 2007, this consortium of companies and developers was formed to advance open standards for mobile devices.
- First Commercial Release: The first Android-powered smartphone, the HTC Dream (also known as the T-Mobile G1 in the US), was released on October 22, 2008.
Development and Releases
- Versions: Android versions are typically named after desserts in alphabetical order. Some notable versions include:
- Cupcake (1.5)
- Eclair (2.0–2.1)
- Froyo (2.2)
- Gingerbread (2.3)
- Honeycomb (3.0–3.2.6)
- Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0)
- Jelly Bean (4.1–4.3.1)
- KitKat (4.4)
- Lollipop (5.0–5.1.1)
- Marshmallow (6.0)
- Nougat (7.0–7.1.2)
- Oreo (8.0–8.1)
- Pie (9.0)
- Android 10 (10)
- Android 11 (11)
- Android 12 (12)
- Open Source: Android is developed in a way that much of its source code is available under free and open-source software licenses. The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is the core component of Android.
Features
- Customizability: Android allows extensive customization, from user interface to deep system modifications through rooting.
- Google Services: Many devices come with Google Mobile Services (GMS), which includes Google apps like Google Play Store, Google Maps, Google Search, etc.
- Hardware Compatibility: Android supports a wide range of hardware, leading to a diverse ecosystem of devices.
- Security: Android has implemented several security measures like sandboxing applications, Google Play Protect, and regular security updates.
Ecosystem
- App Ecosystem: The Google Play Store is the primary distribution platform for Android apps, though other app stores exist.
- Device Fragmentation: Due to the open nature of Android, there is significant device fragmentation, with various versions and modifications across different manufacturers.
Market Share and Influence
- Dominance: Android has the largest installed base of all operating systems globally, with billions of active devices.
- Market Expansion: Beyond smartphones, Android has expanded into wearables, TVs, cars (via Android Auto), and other Internet of Things (IoT) devices.
Sources
Related Topics