Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost and least populated continent. Here are some key details:
Geography
- Antarctica is centered around the South Pole and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean.
- The continent has an area of 14 million km2, making it the fifth-largest continent.
- It is covered by ice to an average depth of 1.9 km, which represents about 60% of the world's fresh water.
Climate
- Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent. The lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth was at the Vostok Station: -89.2°C (-128.6°F).
- The climate is classified as a cold desert with low annual precipitation; it can snow, but the ice cap prevents significant accumulation.
History
International Presence
- Under the Antarctic Treaty System, established in 1959, Antarctica is designated as a natural reserve, devoted to peace and science.
- Numerous countries have established research stations, with scientific research being the primary human activity.
Wildlife
- Despite the harsh conditions, Antarctica supports various forms of life, particularly in the surrounding seas. Notable species include:
Environmental Concerns
- The melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet due to climate change is a major concern, potentially leading to rising sea levels.
- Pollution, especially from human activities at research stations, is another environmental issue.
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