Apelles
Apelles was one of the most renowned painters of ancient Greece, active during the 4th century BC. Although none of his works survive today, his reputation as an artist is well-documented in ancient texts, making him a legendary figure in the history of art.
Biography
- Birth and Death: Exact dates for Apelles' birth and death are not known, but he is believed to have been born around 370 BC in Colophon, Ionia, and died around 306 BC.
- Court Painter: Apelles was the court painter of Alexander the Great, which elevated his status and gave him access to the highest echelons of society.
- Technique and Style: He was known for his meticulous technique, particularly in the rendering of drapery, flesh tones, and the application of chiaroscuro, a technique that uses light and shadow to give volume to figures.
Famous Works
- Aphrodite Anadyomene: This painting depicted Aphrodite rising from the sea, a work so famous that it was often mentioned in ancient texts. It was said that the beauty of the painting was such that it even caused Campaspe, Alexander's mistress, to become a model for the artist.
- The Calumny of Apelles: Described by Lucian, this allegorical painting illustrated the theme of calumny, showing various personified figures like Envy, Repentance, and Truth.
- Portrait of Antigonus I Monophthalmus: Apelles is also credited with creating a portrait of this Macedonian general and satrap of Phrygia.
Legacy
Apelles' legacy in the art world is immense:
- His techniques and approach to realism influenced many artists in subsequent periods, including the Renaissance.
- He was celebrated for his ability to capture the essence of his subjects, whether human or divine, with an unprecedented level of realism for his time.
- His name became synonymous with artistic excellence, and stories of his skill and interactions with other famous figures of his era, like Diogenes, have become part of art folklore.
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