Aqua Appia
The Aqua Appia was Rome's first aqueduct, constructed during the Roman Republic in 312 BC under the censorship of Appius Claudius Caecus, for whom it is named. Here are some detailed points about this significant piece of ancient infrastructure:
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Construction: The Aqua Appia was designed to bring water from the springs near the Alban Hills into the city of Rome. It was approximately 16.5 kilometers long and had a gradient of 1 in 2,000, which was quite advanced for its time, ensuring a steady flow of water.
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Route and Design: The aqueduct ran underground for most of its length, utilizing gravity to transport water into the city. It was buried at an average depth of about 1.5 meters, which helped protect it from damage and enemies. The aqueduct's route avoided valleys and hills to maintain a consistent slope, showcasing the engineering prowess of the Romans.
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Water Supply: Initially, it supplied water to the public fountains, baths, and private homes of Rome's citizens, significantly improving the city's hygiene and quality of life. It was capable of carrying about 75,500 cubic meters of water per day.
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Historical Significance: The construction of the Aqua Appia marked a pivotal moment in Roman history, reflecting the transition from a city reliant on wells and the Tiber River to one with an advanced water supply system. This aqueduct set a precedent for subsequent aqueducts that would eventually supply Rome with an abundance of fresh water.
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Maintenance and Repairs: Over time, like other Roman aqueducts, the Aqua Appia required maintenance. Records indicate that in 144 BC, it was repaired by the censor Quintus Marcius Rex, who also worked on other water supply projects in Rome.
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Legacy: The Aqua Appia not only provided water but also symbolized Roman engineering and organizational skills. Its construction influenced the building of other aqueducts, contributing to Rome's reputation as the "Eternal City" due to its monumental water supply system.
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