Ashikaga Shogunate
The Ashikaga Shogunate, also known as the Muromachi Period, was a feudal military government that ruled Japan from 1336 to 1573. This era began when Ashikaga Takauji overthrew Emperor Go-Daigo, marking the end of the Kamakura Shogunate and initiating a new period of Japanese history.
Historical Context
- Foundation: The Ashikaga Shogunate was established when Ashikaga Takauji, a general in the Kamakura Shogunate's army, turned against Emperor Go-Daigo in the Kenmu Restoration. After defeating the emperor's forces, Takauji was named Shogun in 1338, although his official title was not recognized by the emperor until later.
- Location: The shogunate's administrative center was in the Muromachi District of Kyoto, hence the alternative name for this period.
Structure and Governance
The Ashikaga Shogunate was characterized by:
- Decentralization: Unlike its predecessor, the Kamakura Shogunate, the Ashikaga government was much less centralized, with power often devolving to regional Daimyo lords who controlled their domains with considerable autonomy.
- Council of Advisors: The shogun was advised by a council, which included influential figures like the Hosokawa Family and the Yamana Family, leading to a system where power struggles were common.
Cultural Developments
During the Ashikaga Shogunate:
- Zen Buddhism: There was a significant influence of Zen Buddhism, with many temples and monasteries gaining political and cultural influence.
- Noh Theater: Noh Theater became prominent, with many plays written and performed during this time.
- Tea Ceremony: The practice of the Tea Ceremony (Chanoyu) also flourished, with figures like Sen no Rikyu contributing to its development.
Decline and Fall
The Ashikaga Shogunate began to decline due to:
- Onin War: The Onin War (1467-1477), a civil war that devastated Kyoto, marked the beginning of the Sengoku Period or Warring States period, where Japan was divided into numerous warring factions.
- Weak Shoguns: The later shoguns were often weak and lacked the authority or military strength to control the increasingly powerful Daimyo.
- End: The shogunate ended in 1573 when Oda Nobunaga expelled the last Ashikaga Shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiaki, from Kyoto, effectively dismantling the shogunate.
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