Assembly of Notables
The Assembly of Notables was a significant political body in the history of France, particularly during the late 18th century. Here are the key details regarding this assembly:
Origins and Purpose
- The Assembly of Notables was not a new concept in French history but was reconvened in 1787 by King Louis XVI to address the financial crisis and to implement reforms.
- Historically, assemblies of notables were called when the Estates-General was not in session or deemed insufficient. They were composed of influential figures from the nobility, clergy, and sometimes the upper bourgeoisie.
- The primary purpose of the 1787 assembly was to gain support for fiscal reforms proposed by Charles Alexandre de Calonne, the Controller-General of Finances.
Composition
- The 1787 Assembly included 144 members, chosen from the nobility, clergy, and some wealthy bourgeois, representing various regions of France.
- Notables were selected for their influence, wealth, or local prominence, ensuring that those with significant political and economic power were present to discuss and potentially approve the proposed changes.
Key Events and Outcomes
- Reform Proposals: Calonne proposed several reforms, including a land tax that would affect the nobility and clergy, traditionally exempt from such taxes. He also suggested reducing the number of provinces and introducing an assembly of representatives to oversee tax collection.
- Opposition: The assembly met with considerable resistance, particularly from the nobility and clergy, who were reluctant to relinquish their privileges. They questioned Calonne's financial management and proposed reforms.
- Consequences: The assembly's refusal to endorse the reforms led to Calonne's dismissal. His successor, Étienne-Charles de Loménie de Brienne, also faced resistance when attempting to implement similar reforms.
- Aftermath: The failure of the Assembly of Notables to resolve the financial crisis contributed to the decision to call the Estates-General in 1789, which was a crucial step towards the French Revolution.
Significance
- The Assembly of Notables' resistance to reforms highlighted the deep-rooted issues of privilege and taxation in France, which were central to the revolutionary fervor that followed.
- It demonstrated the limits of royal absolutism, as even a body composed of the elite could challenge the monarch's authority, setting the stage for the broader political upheaval.
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