Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean in the world, covering approximately 20% of the Earth's surface. It stretches from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Antarctica in the south, bordered by the continents of Americas to the west and Europe and Africa to the east.
Geography
History
- Exploration: The first known crossing of the Atlantic was by Leif Ericson around the year 1000 AD. However, the systematic exploration began with Christopher Columbus in 1492.
- Trade Routes: The Atlantic Ocean became a major conduit for trade, leading to the establishment of the Transatlantic Trade routes in the 15th and 16th centuries.
- Slave Trade: It was also the route for the notorious Transatlantic Slave Trade from the 16th to the 19th century.
- World Wars: The Atlantic played a critical role during both World War I and World War II, with major naval battles and the Battle of the Atlantic.
Environmental and Climate Concerns
- Currents: The Gulf Stream is one of the most influential currents, affecting the climate of Western Europe.
- Pollution: The Atlantic is facing challenges from pollution, overfishing, and climate change, with particular concern over the Great Atlantic Garbage Patch.
- Climate Change: Changes in sea levels, ocean temperatures, and acidification are significant issues affecting the marine life and ecosystems within the Atlantic.
Economic Importance
- Fishing: It supports major fisheries, with species like cod, haddock, and mackerel being commercially important.
- Shipping: The Atlantic is a primary route for international shipping, connecting major ports in North America, South America, Europe, and Africa.
- Energy: There are numerous oil and gas platforms, particularly in the North Atlantic, contributing significantly to the energy sector.
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