The Burning of Paris
The Burning of Paris refers to a series of events during the Franco-Prussian War, specifically in 1870-1871, where parts of the city of Paris were set ablaze. This catastrophic event was a culmination of political, social, and military turmoil:
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Background: The Franco-Prussian War began in July 1870 when Napoleon III declared war on Prussia. After several defeats, Paris was besieged by Prussian forces in September 1870, leading to significant strain on the city's infrastructure and population.
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The Siege: The siege lasted from September 19, 1870, to January 28, 1871, causing food shortages, disease, and widespread destruction. During this time, the French government capitulated, leading to the fall of the Second French Empire and the establishment of the Third Republic.
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The Commune: Following the armistice, tensions rose between the new government and the Parisians, leading to the formation of the Paris Commune in March 1871. The Commune was a revolutionary socialist government that ruled Paris for two months.
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The Burning:
- As the French government forces, known as the Versaillais, moved to retake the city from the Communards, fierce fighting ensued. In a desperate act of resistance, or perhaps to prevent the city from falling into enemy hands, several buildings were intentionally set on fire by Communards.
- Notable buildings that were burned included the Tuileries Palace, the Hôtel de Ville, the Palais Royal, and the Cour des Comptes.
- The fires were set on May 24 and 25, 1871, during what is known as the "Bloody Week" or "La Semaine Sanglante," where the French Army retook Paris, leading to the fall of the Commune.
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Aftermath: The burning left significant scars on the city, both physically and psychologically. It was seen as a symbol of the chaos and destruction of the war and the political upheaval of the Commune. Rebuilding efforts began soon after, with many of the destroyed buildings being reconstructed or replaced.
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