Captaincy General of Guatemala
The Captaincy General of Guatemala, also known as the Kingdom of Guatemala, was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire established in 1542. It was part of the broader administrative structure known as the Viceroyalty of New Spain until the late 18th century when it became a separate entity following the Bourbon Reforms.
Historical Context
Political Structure
Economic and Social Aspects
- Economy: Agriculture, particularly indigo, cochineal, and cacao, was the backbone of the economy, with encomienda and later hacienda systems dominating land ownership and labor.
- Society: A rigid social hierarchy existed with Spanish settlers at the top, followed by Mestizos, Indigenous Peoples, and African Slaves.
Cultural Impact
- The influence of Spanish culture was profound, leading to a syncretism of Spanish Culture with indigenous traditions, particularly evident in religion, language, and art.
End of the Captaincy General
- The Central American Independence movements in the early 19th century led to the dissolution of the Captaincy General. Guatemala declared its independence from Spain in 1821.
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