The Caribbean Sea is a body of water adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of the Gulf of Mexico. It is bounded by Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies to the west and south, and by the Lesser Antilles to the east. This sea covers an area of approximately 2,754,000 square kilometers (1,063,000 sq mi), making it one of the largest seas in the world.
The Caribbean Sea is known for its extensive archipelago, including the Greater Antilles which comprises Cuba, Hispaniola (shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. The Lesser Antilles form an arc of smaller islands that include the Leeward Islands and the Windward Islands. Additionally, numerous smaller islands like the Cayman Islands and the Bahamas are part of this region.
The history of the Caribbean Sea is rich with the legacy of indigenous peoples like the Taino, Carib, and Arawak. European exploration began with Christopher Columbus in 1492, who mistook the islands for Asia, leading to their colonization by various European powers including Spain, France, Britain, and the Netherlands. This era marked the beginning of the Transatlantic Slave Trade, which had profound effects on the region's demographic and cultural makeup.
The Caribbean Sea plays a crucial role in global shipping routes, with the Panama Canal being a significant maritime shortcut. Tourism is also a major economic driver, with visitors drawn to the region's beaches, coral reefs, and historical sites. The sea also supports extensive fishing industries, with species like Spiny Lobster and Queen Conch being notable catches.
The Caribbean has a vibrant cultural tapestry influenced by its indigenous peoples, African heritage, and European colonization. This mix has led to unique music genres like Reggae, Salsa, and Calypso, as well as distinctive cuisines and festivals such as Carnival and Junkanoo.
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