The Causses are a group of limestone plateaus (causses) in the Massif Central of southern France, which extend over the departments of Lozère, Gard, Aveyron, and Hérault. These plateaus are notable for their karstic landscapes, characterized by rocky outcrops, deep canyons, and numerous caves. Here is detailed information about the Causses:
Geography and Geology
The Causses are part of the larger Massif Central, a highland region in south-central France. They are primarily made up of Jurassic limestone, which has been uplifted and subsequently eroded, leading to the creation of a karst landscape. This geological formation results in:
- Caves: Such as the Grotte de Lascaux, though not directly in the Causses, it exemplifies the kind of prehistoric art found in similar karstic environments.
- Poljes: Large flat-floored depressions typical in karst regions.
- Lapiaz: Limestone pavement with intricate networks of cracks and fissures.
- Dolines: Sinkholes or funnel-shaped depressions.
History
The Causses have a rich history:
- Prehistoric Inhabitants: Evidence of human presence dates back to the Paleolithic era, with notable discoveries in caves like Grotte de Lespugue.
- Medieval Period: The area saw the construction of numerous fortresses and villages, often built for defense against invaders due to the region's strategic importance.
- Shepherds and Agriculture: Historically, the Causses were used for sheep grazing, with the famous Lacaune sheep being bred here for Roquefort cheese production.
Ecology
The unique environment of the Causses supports a variety of flora and fauna:
- Vegetation: Sparse due to the rocky terrain, but includes juniper, oak, and various herbs and flowers adapted to the harsh conditions.
- Wildlife: Species like the European Bison, reintroduced in some areas, along with birds of prey, bats, and various reptiles.
Protection and Tourism
Significant portions of the Causses are protected:
- UNESCO World Heritage: Parts of the Causses are included in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list as part of the Cévennes National Park.
- Tourism: The region attracts visitors for its natural beauty, hiking trails, and historical sites. Activities include spelunking, climbing, and exploring the many dolmens and menhirs (prehistoric standing stones).
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