Cephalonia, known officially as Kefalonia, is the largest of the Ionian Islands in western Greece. Here are some detailed aspects about this island:
Geography
- Location: Situated in the Ionian Sea, it lies to the west of the mainland of Greece.
- Area: The island covers an area of approximately 781 square kilometers, making it the sixth largest island in Greece.
- Landscape: Characterized by rugged mountains, lush forests, and numerous beaches. The highest peak is Mount Ainos, which stands at 1,628 meters.
History
- Ancient Times: The island has a rich history with evidence of human habitation since the Palaeolithic Era. It was known to the Ancient Greeks as Same or Cephallenia.
- Medieval and Ottoman Period: During the medieval period, Cephalonia was ruled by various powers including the Byzantine Empire, the Republic of Venice, and briefly by the Ottoman Empire.
- Venetian Rule: From the 16th to the 18th century, it was under Venetian rule which left a significant cultural impact.
- British and Modern Era: After the Napoleonic Wars, the island came under British control until it became part of the modern Greek state in 1864.
Economy
- Tourism: The primary economic driver is tourism, with visitors attracted by its natural beauty, beaches, and historical sites.
- Agriculture: The island also supports agriculture, particularly the production of olive oil, wine, and citrus fruits.
Culture
- Language: Greek is the official language, but with a dialect unique to the Ionian Islands.
- Events: Celebrations like the Robola Wine Festival highlight local traditions and products.
Notable Sites
Earthquakes
Cephalonia has been prone to earthquakes, with significant events including the devastating 1953 Ionian Earthquake, which led to the reconstruction of much of the island's infrastructure.
Sources: