Chan-Bahlum-II
Chan-Bahlum-II was one of the most prominent rulers of the ancient Maya city of Palenque, located in what is now the Mexican state of Chiapas. He is often referred to by his birth name, K'inich Kan Bahlam II, but his more commonly known name, Chan-Bahlum-II, reflects his regnal title.
Reign and Achievements
Chan-Bahlum-II ruled from approximately 684 to 702 AD, succeeding his father Pacal the Great. His reign was marked by significant architectural projects and artistic developments, which contributed to the cultural and political peak of Palenque:
- He completed the construction of the Temple of the Inscriptions, a pyramid-mausoleum that housed the tomb of his father, Pacal.
- He initiated the building of his own temple, known as the Temple of the Cross, which was part of the Cross Group, a complex of three temples.
- Chan-Bahlum-II's reign also saw the creation of numerous stelae and tablets, many of which depict him in various ceremonies and battles, underscoring his military and religious roles.
Art and Iconography
The art during Chan-Bahlum-II's time is particularly notable for its detailed iconography, which often portrays the ruler in divine contexts:
- His portrayal often includes elements of the Jaguar, a symbol of power and royalty in Maya culture.
- The famous Palenque Lintel 24 from the Temple of the Cross shows him receiving the royal insignia from his father, symbolizing the divine right to rule.
Historical Context
Chan-Bahlum-II's rule came at a time when Palenque was at the height of its power and influence:
- The city was not only a center of political power but also a hub for scientific, artistic, and architectural innovation.
- His reign marked the continuation of the dynastic stability established by Pacal, ensuring Palenque's prominence in the region.
- He maintained alliances and engaged in conflicts with neighboring city-states, which are documented through inscriptions and carvings.
Legacy
Chan-Bahlum-II's legacy is preserved through the monumental architecture and inscriptions at Palenque, which provide historians with a rich source of information about Maya civilization during his era. His contributions to art, architecture, and the political landscape of the Maya world are recognized as pivotal in the development of the city's grandeur.
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