Companion of the Order of Liberation
The Companion of the Order of Liberation is a French military honor established by General Charles de Gaulle on November 16, 1940, in London during the early days of the Free French Forces. This order was created to recognize those who had rendered exceptional services in the fight for the liberation of France and its empire during World War II.
History and Context
- Foundation: The Order was established as part of de Gaulle's efforts to rally support for the Free French movement against the Axis powers and the Vichy regime.
- Purpose: It aimed to honor those who, through their courage, actions, and leadership, contributed significantly to the liberation of France. This included members of the military, resistance fighters, and civilians.
- First Ceremony: The first investiture ceremony took place on May 29, 1941, where de Gaulle himself was the first to be awarded the Order.
- Closure: The Order was closed to new recipients on January 23, 1946, by de Gaulle, marking the end of the war and the liberation of France.
Structure and Membership
- Grades: The Order has three grades:
- Eligibility: Originally, only French nationals were eligible. However, foreign nationals who played a significant role in the liberation of France were also honored.
- Number of Recipients: Approximately 1,038 individuals were named Companions of the Order of Liberation. This includes both French and foreign individuals.
Decoration and Symbolism
- Design: The medal features a cross of Lorraine, which was the emblem of Free France, in gold or silver, suspended from a ribbon with the French flag colors.
- Symbolism: The cross of Lorraine symbolizes the fight for freedom, and the ribbon's colors represent the French nation.
Notable Recipients
Legacy
- Memorial: The Mont Valérien in Suresnes, France, serves as the memorial for the Order of Liberation.
- Continued Honor: The Order, although closed to new members, remains one of France's highest honors, commemorating the sacrifices made during the war.
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