Corsica
Corsica is an island located in the Mediterranean Sea and is a collectivity of France. Here are detailed insights into its history, geography, culture, and economy:
Geography
Corsica is the fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, and Cyprus. It has an area of approximately 8,680 square kilometers and its highest peak, Mount Cinto, reaches 2,706 meters. The island is known for its rugged mountains, dense forests, and beautiful beaches.
History
- Prehistoric Times: Evidence of human presence dates back to the Neolithic period, with megalithic structures like those at Filitosa.
- Antiquity: Corsica was first settled by the Etruscans, followed by Greeks, and then became a Roman province in 227 BC.
- Middle Ages: After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the island saw various rulers including the Ostrogoths, Byzantine Empire, and later Genoa.
- French Control: In 1768, Genoa sold Corsica to France, although the island had a brief period of independence under Pasquale Paoli, who established the Corsican Republic in 1755.
- Napoleon: Napoleon Bonaparte, one of the most famous Corsicans, was born on the island in 1769.
- World War II: During World War II, Corsica was occupied by Italy and then Germany before being liberated by Free French Forces in 1943.
Culture
Corsica has a unique cultural identity influenced by its history:
- Language: The traditional language is Corsican, which is closely related to Tuscan.
- Heritage: The island's culture includes traditional music, the polyphonic songs, dances like the Mazurka, and festivals like A Festa di u Mare.
- Cuisine: Known for dishes like Corsican cheese (Brocciu), chestnut flour, and local wines.
Economy
- Tourism: A major economic driver, attracting visitors for its natural beauty and historical sites.
- Agriculture: Includes wine production, olive oil, and cheese making.
- Industry: Limited industrial activity due to environmental and economic factors, focusing mainly on small-scale crafts and local production.
Politics and Administration
Since 1768, Corsica has been part of France, but it enjoys some degree of autonomy with its own Corsican Assembly which deals with regional issues.
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