The Council of the European Union, often referred to as the Council, is one of the primary legislative bodies of the European Union (EU). It is composed of government ministers from each of the EU's member states, and its primary function is to coordinate policies and legislate within the EU framework. Here are key aspects of the Council:
History
- The Council was established under the Treaty of Rome in 1957, which laid the foundation for what would become the EU.
- Originally, it was called the Council of Ministers, reflecting its composition of national ministers.
- The Council's role and powers have evolved significantly over the years, especially with the Treaty of Maastricht in 1993, which introduced the concept of a multi-speed Europe and the European Union itself.
Role and Functions
- Legislation: The Council, together with the European Parliament, enacts EU laws. Most legislation requires the approval of both institutions.
- Coordination of Policies: It ensures coordination of the general economic policies of the member states.
- Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP): The Council has a significant role in shaping the EU's foreign policy, defense, and security.
- Justice and Home Affairs (JHA): It deals with issues like police and judicial cooperation, immigration, asylum, and border control.
- Budget: The Council, along with the European Parliament, adopts the EU's budget.
- International Agreements: It can conclude international agreements on behalf of the EU.
Structure
Voting
- The Council's decisions are usually made by a qualified majority vote, though some areas like foreign policy or taxation require unanimity.
- The voting system has been adjusted over time to reflect the EU's enlargement and to ensure efficiency in decision-making.
External Links
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