Denisovans
The Denisovans are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus Homo whose existence was first suggested through findings of mitochondrial DNA from a finger bone in the Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains of Siberia, Russia, in 2010. Here are some key points about Denisovans:
- Discovery: The first Denisovan specimen, a finger bone, was identified through DNA analysis in 2010. This discovery was followed by the analysis of more remains, including a tooth and a toe bone, confirming the presence of a distinct group of humans different from both modern humans and Neanderthals.
- Genetics: Genetic studies show that Denisovans share a common ancestor with both modern humans and Neanderthals, with the split from Neanderthals occurring approximately 400,000 years ago. Modern humans outside of Africa carry Denisovan DNA, with the highest percentages found in populations in Southeast Asia and Oceania, suggesting interbreeding occurred.
- Physical Characteristics: Little is known about their physical appearance due to the scarcity of skeletal remains. However, some evidence suggests they might have had a mixture of traits from Neanderthals and modern humans, potentially including a robust build.
- Distribution: While initially found in Siberia, Denisovan DNA has been identified in various locations across Asia, suggesting a broader range than initially thought. Evidence from fossils and DNA indicates their presence in regions like Tibet, where high-altitude adaptations are also suggested.
- Culture and Lifestyle: Due to the lack of extensive archaeological evidence, much about their culture remains speculative. However, tools and artifacts found in the same layers as Denisovan DNA suggest they were capable of complex behavior, including potentially the use of fire and the creation of symbolic art.
- Extinction: The exact timing of the Denisovan extinction is unclear, but it is believed they might have coexisted with modern humans and Neanderthals for some time before disappearing from the fossil record. The last evidence of their existence dates back to around 50,000 years ago.
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