Eric Bloodaxe
Eric Bloodaxe, also known as Eiríkr blóðøx or Eirik Haraldsson, was a 10th-century Norwegian Viking who became known for his violent rule and his eventual exile from Norway. Here are detailed insights into his life and legacy:
Early Life and Rise to Power
- Eric was one of the sons of Harald Fairhair, the first King to unite Norway.
- Upon Harald's death, the kingdom was divided among his sons, but Eric was reputed to have killed several of his brothers to consolidate power, earning him the nickname "Bloodaxe."
- He is traditionally thought to have ruled Norway from 930 to 935.
Reign and Exile
- Eric's rule was marked by conflict, both internally with his brothers and externally with neighboring territories.
- His aggressive tactics and the need for more land led to conflicts with Denmark and other Scandinavian powers.
- He was eventually ousted from Norway by his brother Haakon the Good, who was supported by the Norwegian nobles and had the backing of the House of York in England.
Life in Exile
- After being expelled from Norway, Eric sought refuge in the British Isles.
- He first went to Orkney where he established himself as a ruler.
- Eric later moved to England, where he was made ruler of Northumbria by Edmund I, the English king, who saw him as an ally against other Viking threats.
- He was deposed from Northumbria in 948 by Eadred, but he returned briefly before being killed, likely in battle or through assassination.
Legacy
- Eric Bloodaxe's legacy is a blend of myth and historical fact, with his life being recorded in several sagas, notably the Heimskringla by Snorri Sturluson.
- His rule in Northumbria is confirmed by contemporary sources like the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
- His reputation as a ruthless leader has persisted through time, often overshadowing his accomplishments in Viking warfare and governance.
Sources
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