Free French Army
The Free French Army was a military force that came into existence during World War II following the fall of France to Nazi Germany in 1940. Here is a detailed overview:
Formation
- After the Battle of France, the French government signed an armistice with Germany, leading to the creation of Vichy France. However, General Charles de Gaulle, who was then an undersecretary of state for war, refused to accept the armistice and escaped to London.
- On June 18, 1940, de Gaulle made a famous radio broadcast from London, urging French soldiers and civilians to continue the fight against the Axis powers. This speech is often considered the birth of the Free French Army.
- The Free French Forces were officially created on September 7, 1940, with the establishment of the French National Committee.
Structure and Growth
- Initially, the Free French Forces were small, consisting mainly of French soldiers who had escaped from France or French colonies, along with volunteers from French territories not under Vichy control.
- Over time, the Free French Forces expanded significantly, incorporating:
- By 1943, after the Allied invasion of North Africa and the subsequent switch of several French territories from Vichy to the Allies, the Free French Forces were reorganized into the French Army of Liberation.
Major Engagements
- Battle of Bir Hakeim: A pivotal engagement where Free French troops held off superior Italian and German forces in the North African Campaign, enhancing the Free French's prestige.
- Liberation of Paris: In August 1944, Free French forces played a significant role in the liberation of Paris from Nazi occupation.
- Operation Dragoon: The Free French Army took part in the invasion of Southern France.
Legacy
- The Free French Army contributed to the eventual liberation of France and the defeat of the Axis powers. Their efforts helped restore national pride and legitimacy to the French government-in-exile.
- General de Gaulle, who led the Free French, became a national hero and later the President of France, symbolizing the resilience and resistance of the French people.
- The legacy of the Free French Army is seen in the continued recognition of their role in French military history and the commemoration of their bravery and sacrifice.
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