The French Fourth Republic was the republican government of France between 1946 and 1958, established after the end of World War II and the fall of the Vichy regime. Here are some key points about this period:
Formation
- After World War II, Charles de Gaulle returned to France and led the provisional government. He resigned in 1946 due to disagreements over the constitution.
- A new constitution was drafted, leading to the establishment of the Fourth Republic on October 27, 1946, following a referendum.
Political Structure
- The Fourth Republic was characterized by a parliamentary system with a weak executive, where the President of France had little power, while the Prime Minister held significant influence.
- The French National Assembly was the dominant body, leading to frequent government changes. During its existence, there were 22 different governments.
Key Events and Challenges
- Decolonization: The Fourth Republic oversaw the beginning of the decolonization process, with significant events like the Indochina War and the Algerian War. These conflicts strained the government's resources and stability.
- Economic Recovery: Post-war economic reconstruction was a priority, with aid from the Marshall Plan playing a critical role in rebuilding the French economy.
- Instability: The frequent changes in government and the inability to resolve colonial issues led to political instability.
End of the Fourth Republic
- The May 1958 crisis, centered around the Algerian War, led to widespread unrest and calls for a stronger executive. This situation paved the way for the return of Charles de Gaulle to power.
- In response to the crisis, the National Assembly granted de Gaulle emergency powers, leading to the drafting of a new constitution.
- The French Fifth Republic was established in 1958, ending the Fourth Republic.
Legacy
- The Fourth Republic is often remembered for its political instability and its role in the decolonization process. It laid the groundwork for the more stable Fifth Republic with its stronger presidential system.
- The period saw France regain its status as a major European power and set the stage for further European integration.
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