Overview of the Gaza Strip
The Gaza Strip is a self-governing Palestinian territory located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Egypt on the southwest and Israel on the east and north.
Geography and Demographics
- Area: Approximately 365 square kilometers.
- Population: Over 2 million people, making it one of the most densely populated areas in the world.
- Main Cities: Gaza City, Khan Yunis, and Rafah.
Historical Context
The history of the Gaza Strip is marked by numerous conflicts and transitions of control:
- 1948 Arab-Israeli War: Following the establishment of Israel, Egypt occupied Gaza.
- 1967 Six-Day War: Israel captured Gaza from Egypt, leading to Israeli military administration until 1994.
- Oslo Accords (1993/1995): Led to the establishment of the Palestinian Authority, with partial control over Gaza.
- 2005 Israeli Disengagement: Israel withdrew its military and settlers from Gaza.
- 2007 Hamas Takeover: After a brief civil war, the Hamas movement took control of Gaza from Fatah, leading to a political split with the West Bank.
Political and Administrative Structure
Since 2007, Gaza has been under the de facto control of Hamas, which is considered a terrorist organization by several countries including the United States, the European Union, and Israel. The Palestinian Authority, which governs parts of the West Bank, has limited influence in Gaza.
Economy and Living Conditions
- Blockade: Israel and Egypt have imposed a blockade since 2007, restricting movement of goods and people, which has severely impacted the economy.
- Unemployment: Unemployment rates are among the highest in the world, exacerbated by the blockade and periodic conflicts.
- Infrastructure: Due to repeated conflicts, much of the infrastructure has been damaged or destroyed, affecting water supply, electricity, and healthcare services.
International Relations and Conflicts
Gaza has been the focal point of numerous military engagements:
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