Geoffrey II, also known as Geoffrey Plantagenet, was born on 23 September 1158, the fourth son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Geoffrey was destined for a life of political and military significance due to his royal lineage.
Geoffrey was betrothed at a young age to Constance of Brittany in 1166, in an arrangement that was part of the broader strategy by Henry II to extend his influence over the Duchy of Brittany. This marriage was not only a political alliance but also aimed at securing Brittany's loyalty to the Angevin Empire.
Upon the death of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany in 1171, Geoffrey's father, Henry II, made him Duke of Brittany. The marriage to Constance was formalized, and they had three children: Eleanor, Matilda, and Arthur. Geoffrey's rule over Brittany was characterized by attempts to consolidate power and manage internal conflicts among the Breton nobility.
Geoffrey's tenure as Duke was marked by frequent disputes with both his father and his brothers. He was involved in rebellions against Henry II, particularly in the 1173-74 revolt led by his brothers Henry the Young King and Richard. These conflicts highlighted the tension within the royal family over inheritance and power distribution.
Geoffrey also played a role in the politics of France, forming alliances and engaging in military campaigns. His relationship with Philip II of France was complex, marked by both cooperation and competition. Geoffrey's political maneuvering often put him at odds with his family's interests, particularly in his aspirations to expand his influence beyond Brittany.
Geoffrey II died under mysterious circumstances during a tournament in Paris on 19 August 1186. His death was attributed to injuries sustained during a joust, though some theories suggest foul play. His passing left Constance as regent for their young son, Arthur, who was later seen as a potential claimant to the English throne during the reign of King John.
Geoffrey II's short life had significant implications for the political landscape of Brittany and the Angevin Empire. His marriage to Constance and the birth of Arthur set the stage for future conflicts, notably during the reign of King John, where Arthur was seen as a rival claimant to the English throne.