Haram-al-Sharif
Haram-al-Sharif, also known as the Temple Mount, is one of the most significant religious sites in Jerusalem, revered by both Muslims and Jews. Here's a detailed look:
Historical Context
- Early History: The area has been a focal point of religious activity since ancient times. Originally, it housed the First Temple, built by King Solomon in the 10th century BCE, which was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE.
- Second Temple: After the Babylonian Exile, the Second Temple was constructed, which was later expanded by King Herod in the 1st century BCE. This temple was destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE.
- Islamic Era: Following the Muslim conquest of Jerusalem in 638 CE, the site was transformed. Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab established the first Muslim place of worship on the site, and by 691 CE, the Dome of the Rock was completed, marking the spot from which Muslims believe Muhammad ascended to heaven during his Night Journey.
- Al-Aqsa Mosque: Adjacent to the Dome of the Rock, the Al-Aqsa Mosque was built between 705 and 715 CE, making it the third holiest site in Islam, after Mecca and Medina.
Religious Significance
- For Muslims: Haram-al-Sharif is considered the third holiest site in Islam. It includes the Dome of the Rock, which marks the spot of the Night Journey, and Al-Aqsa Mosque, where Muslims believe Muhammad led prayers with all the prophets.
- For Jews: The Temple Mount is the holiest site in Judaism, where both Temples stood. The Western Wall, part of the retaining wall of the Temple Mount, is the most sacred accessible place for Jews to pray.
- Christianity: Although not a primary site of worship, Christians also recognize its importance due to its historical significance in the life of Jesus Christ.
Modern Day
- Administration: The site is managed by the Islamic Waqf, which is under the jurisdiction of the Jordanian government, although Israel controls access to the site following the Six-Day War in 1967.
- Access and Restrictions: Non-Muslims are allowed to visit but are restricted from praying. Tensions often arise due to religious and political sensitivities surrounding access and control of the site.
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