Hiroshima
Hiroshima is a city located in southwestern Japan on the island of Honshu. It is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture and is known worldwide due to the atomic bombing during World War II.
History
- Founding: Hiroshima was founded in 1589 by Mori Terumoto, who made it his capital. The city's name means "Wide Island" in Japanese.
- Development: Throughout the Edo period, Hiroshima was a castle town with the Hiroshima Castle at its center, constructed in 1589. It played a significant role during the Meiji Restoration.
- Pre-War Era: By the 20th century, Hiroshima had become an important military center with several military headquarters, making it a strategic target.
The Atomic Bombing
- Date: On August 6, 1945, at 8:15 AM, the United States dropped an atomic bomb named "Little Boy" on Hiroshima. It was the first nuclear weapon used in warfare.
- Impact:
- Approximately 140,000 people died by the end of 1945 due to the immediate explosion, blast wave, heat, and subsequent radiation exposure.
- The city was almost completely destroyed, with around 90% of the buildings being damaged or destroyed.
- Aftermath:
- The bombing led to Japan's surrender on August 15, 1945, ending World War II.
- Hiroshima has since become a symbol of the horrors of nuclear war and a focal point for peace movements worldwide.
Post-War Hiroshima
- Reconstruction: The city was rebuilt, with efforts focusing on peace and international cooperation.
- Peace Memorial Park: In 1950, Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park was established to commemorate the victims of the atomic bombing. It includes the Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome), which is the only structure left standing near the hypocenter of the blast.
- Peace Advocacy: Hiroshima hosts numerous peace events, notably the annual Hiroshima Peace Ceremony on August 6.
Culture and Economy
Modern Hiroshima
- Education: The city is home to several universities, including Hiroshima University.
- Transportation: Hiroshima is well-connected by rail, including the Shinkansen (bullet train) network, and has an international airport.
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