The Hungary National Assembly (Országgyűlés) is the unicameral legislative body of Hungary. It holds significant power in the country's political system, functioning both as the legislative and the supreme representative institution. Here are some key points about the National Assembly:
History and Evolution
- Establishment: The first National Assembly was convened in 1867, following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise which established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. This assembly was a step towards Hungarian autonomy within the empire.
- Interwar Period: After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Hungary became a kingdom, and the National Assembly continued to function, albeit under various political pressures and changes.
- Post-World War II: After the war, Hungary transitioned into a people's republic under communist rule, significantly altering the structure and function of the National Assembly.
- 1989 Transition: With the fall of communism, Hungary established a parliamentary republic, and the National Assembly was reorganized to reflect democratic principles.
Composition and Elections
- Number of Seats: The National Assembly currently consists of 199 members.
- Election System: Members are elected for a four-year term through a mixed electoral system:
- 106 members are elected in single-member constituencies using a first-past-the-post system.
- The remaining 93 seats are distributed through party lists based on proportional representation.
- Eligibility: To be elected, candidates must be Hungarian citizens and at least 18 years old.
Powers and Functions
- Legislation: It enacts laws, approves the state budget, and can override presidential vetoes with a two-thirds majority.
- Constitutional Changes: Amendments to the Constitution require a two-thirds majority.
- Control Over Government: The Assembly can elect and dismiss the Prime Minister, ministers, and other key governmental positions.
- Judiciary: It has the power to elect judges of the Constitutional Court and other high judicial positions.
Notable Features
- Parliament Building: The assembly meets in the Hungarian Parliament Building, an iconic structure located on the banks of the Danube River in Budapest, known for its Gothic Revival architecture.
- Political Parties: The Assembly reflects a multi-party system, with the Fidesz party having significant influence in recent years.
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