Lesotho
Lesotho is a landlocked country entirely surrounded by South Africa. It is known for its mountainous terrain, with the highest peak being Thabana Ntlenyana, which is also the highest point in Southern Africa. Here are some key details about Lesotho:
Geography
- Lesotho is roughly 30,355 square kilometers in area, making it one of the smallest countries in Africa.
- The landscape is characterized by its highland regions, with elevations ranging from 1,400 meters to over 3,400 meters.
- The country's lowest point is at the junction of the Senqu River and the Malibamatso River.
History
- Lesotho was originally settled by the Sotho people in the 19th century, led by their king, Moshoeshoe I.
- In 1868, it became a British Protectorate known as Basutoland, which was aimed at protecting the Sotho from being absorbed by the encroaching Boer republics.
- Lesotho gained independence from Britain on October 4, 1966.
- Since independence, the country has experienced various political upheavals, including military coups and periods of political instability.
Economy
- Lesotho's economy is predominantly agricultural, with a significant portion of the population engaged in subsistence farming.
- Textile manufacturing is a major source of revenue, with many factories producing garments for export.
- The country also earns income from water sales to South Africa, through the Lesotho Highlands Water Project.
Culture
- The national language is Sotho, but English is widely used in government and education.
- Lesotho has a rich cultural heritage with traditional music and dance being integral to its society. The mokorotlo (a conical hat) and seshoeshoe (a type of fabric) are symbols of national identity.
- The country is also known for its traditional matsela (a type of blanket) which is often worn as part of traditional attire.
Politics
- Lesotho operates under a constitutional monarchy with King Letsie III as the ceremonial monarch.
- The political system includes a bicameral parliament with a Senate and a National Assembly.
- Recent years have seen efforts towards political stability and democratic reforms.
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