Louis VII of France
Louis VII was the King of France from 1137 until his death in 1180. Here are some key points about his reign and life:
Early Life and Ascension
- Born in 1120, Louis was the son of Louis VI, known as "the Fat," and Adelaide of Maurienne.
- Upon his father's death in 1137, Louis ascended to the throne at the age of 16. His early reign was marked by his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, which brought substantial territories under French control.
Marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine
- Louis VII married Eleanor in 1137, which significantly increased the lands he controlled, making him one of the most powerful monarchs in Europe.
- The marriage was annulled in 1152 due to political and personal reasons, leading to Eleanor's remarriage to Henry II of England, which had significant political repercussions.
The Second Crusade
- One of the defining events of Louis VII's reign was his participation in the Second Crusade, which he undertook after the fall of Edessa to the Muslims in 1144. This crusade was largely a failure, with Louis' forces suffering significant losses.
- The crusade was a cooperative effort with the Holy Roman Empire, led by Conrad III, but internal strife and logistical issues contributed to its failure.
Reforms and Internal Policy
- Louis VII made efforts to reform the French church, increasing its independence from Rome. He was known for his piety and support for religious institutions.
- He established the University of Paris in 1150, which became a major center for learning in medieval Europe.
- He also issued the Ordonnances de Louis VII, a set of laws aimed at reducing crime and improving justice in his realm.
Later Years and Death
Legacy
- Louis VII's reign was marked by significant territorial gains, religious reforms, and his involvement in the Second Crusade. However, his failures in the crusade and the political instability following his divorce from Eleanor of Aquitaine left a mixed legacy.
- He was known for his piety, which earned him the epithet "Saint Louis," although he was never canonized.
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