Massif Central
The Massif Central is a highland region in south-central France, spanning over 15 departments. It covers an area of approximately 85,000 square kilometers, making it one of the largest mountain ranges in the country. Here are detailed aspects of the Massif Central:
Geography
- The Massif Central is not a single mountain range but a series of mountains, plateaus, and valleys, with its highest peak being the Puy de Sancy at 1,885 meters.
- It stretches from east to west across the center of France, influencing the climate and landscape significantly.
- Key geological features include extinct volcanoes, like those in the Auvergne region, forming the Chaîne des Puys, which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018.
- The region is also known for its vast plateaus, such as the Causses, which are limestone plateaus with deep canyons.
History
- The Massif Central has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with evidence of human activity dating back to the Paleolithic era.
- In medieval times, the region was a significant stronghold for various feudal lords and was often a battleground between competing powers.
- During the French Revolution, the Massif Central was a center of resistance against the new central government in Paris.
- In the 19th century, the area saw economic development with the exploitation of coal, iron, and uranium deposits.
Culture and Economy
- The Massif Central is known for its rich cultural heritage, with numerous castles, Romanesque churches, and traditional villages.
- Agriculture remains a cornerstone of the economy, with livestock farming (especially sheep and cattle) being prominent due to the region's suitability for pasture.
- Wine production is significant in areas like Languedoc-Roussillon and the Loire Valley, which border the Massif Central.
- Tourism has grown, with attractions including natural landscapes, historical sites, and the unique volcanic scenery.
Environmental Significance
- The region supports a rich biodiversity, with several protected areas, including Parc National des Cévennes, which is recognized for its ecological value.
- The Massif Central's rivers, like the Loire and the Dordogne, are crucial for water supply, irrigation, and hydroelectric power.
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