Mexico City is the capital of Mexico, situated in the Valley of Mexico at over 7,350 feet above sea level. It is one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population exceeding 21 million people in the metropolitan area.
The history of Mexico City is deeply intertwined with that of the Aztec Civilization. Originally known as Tenochtitlan, it was founded in 1325 by the Aztecs on an island in Lake Texcoco. This city was at the heart of the Aztec Empire until the arrival of Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés in 1519. After a brutal siege, Tenochtitlan fell in 1521, and the Spanish built Mexico City on its ruins, making it the capital of the New Spain.
Throughout the colonial period, Mexico City was the political, economic, and cultural center of New Spain, influencing the development of Latin America. The city saw significant growth in the 19th and 20th centuries, with major developments in infrastructure, industry, and population. It played crucial roles during the Mexican War of Independence and the Mexican Revolution.
Mexico City boasts a rich cultural heritage with a mix of pre-Columbian, colonial, and modern influences. Key architectural sites include:
Today, Mexico City is a global city with a vibrant economy. It's a significant center for finance, commerce, education, and culture. The city hosts numerous universities, including UNAM, one of the largest universities in Latin America. It also faces modern urban challenges like pollution, traffic congestion, and water management, given its unique geographical setting.
Mexico City contributes significantly to Mexico's economy, with sectors like finance, manufacturing, media, and tourism being particularly prominent. The Stock Exchange of Mexico is located here, making it a hub for business in North America.
The city's public transport system includes: