Naples Archaeological Museum
The Naples Archaeological Museum, officially known as the National Archaeological Museum of Naples, is one of the most important archaeological museums in Italy. Situated in the historic center of Naples, this museum houses one of the world's finest collections of artifacts from Greek, Roman, and Renaissance eras.
History
Originally established in the late 18th century, the museum's origins trace back to the collections of the Bourbon Kings of Naples, who were avid collectors of antiquities. The museum was officially inaugurated in 1787 by King Ferdinand IV of Naples in the Palazzo Studi, which was designed by the architect Ferdinando Fuga. Over the years, the museum has undergone several expansions and renovations:
- In 1860, after the unification of Italy, the museum saw a significant increase in its collections with the addition of artifacts from the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
- During the 20th century, particularly after World War II, efforts were made to reorganize and expand the museum's holdings, making it more accessible to the public.
Collections
The museum boasts an extensive collection:
- Farnese Collection: This includes the famous Farnese Hercules, a colossal marble statue, and other significant pieces like the Farnese Bull.
- Pompeii and Herculaneum: Artifacts from these ancient Roman cities, preserved by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79, are a highlight. These include frescoes, mosaics, household items, and casts of victims.
- Egyptian Collection: One of the most extensive outside Egypt, featuring mummies, papyri, and other artifacts.
- Secret Cabinet: A special collection of erotic art from Pompeii and Herculaneum, historically kept separate due to its explicit nature.
Significance and Research
The Naples Archaeological Museum is not only a repository of artifacts but also a center for archaeological research. It collaborates with universities and research institutes worldwide to advance the study of ancient cultures. Its collections provide invaluable insights into:
- The daily life, religion, and art of ancient Romans.
- The cultural exchanges between Greek and Roman civilizations.
- The impact of volcanic eruptions on ancient settlements.
Visitor Information
The museum attracts thousands of visitors each year, with its collections spread over several floors. It features:
- Guided tours available in multiple languages.
- Exhibitions, both permanent and temporary, showcasing different aspects of its vast collections.
- Educational programs and workshops for students and scholars.
External Links
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