Newfoundland
Newfoundland is a large island off the east coast of North America, and along with Labrador forms the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada. Here are some key aspects of Newfoundland:
Geography
- Size: Newfoundland is the world's 16th largest island, with an area of 111,390 square kilometers.
- Location: It is located in the northwest Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Nova Scotia and east of Quebec.
- Landscape: The island features rugged terrain, with extensive forests, numerous lakes, and a deeply indented coastline with many fjords and bays.
- Climate: Newfoundland has a cool, temperate climate due to its latitude and the influence of the cold Labrador Current and the warm Gulf Stream.
History
- Indigenous Peoples: The island was originally inhabited by the Beothuk and later by the Mi'kmaq people.
- European Exploration: Newfoundland was first sighted by John Cabot in 1497, claiming it for England.
- Colonization: The island became a significant base for the cod fishery, leading to its colonization by the English. It was formally settled by the English in the early 17th century.
- Independence and Confederation: Newfoundland was a British colony until 1907 when it became a Dominion. Due to financial issues, it reverted to direct British control in 1934 and eventually joined Canada in 1949 as the country's tenth province.
Culture
- Language: English is the predominant language, with a unique dialect influenced by Irish English and West Country English.
- Music: Newfoundland has a rich tradition of folk music, with instruments like the fiddle, accordion, and guitar being common.
- Folklore: The island is known for its rich storytelling tradition, including tales of Newfoundland Folklore like fairies, sea creatures, and ghost stories.
- Cuisine: Seafood, particularly cod, is central to the local diet, with dishes like Jiggs Dinner and Fish and Brewis being traditional meals.
Economy
- Fishing: Historically, the economy was driven by the fishing industry, particularly cod, although quotas and the collapse of the cod fishery have led to diversification.
- Oil and Gas: The discovery of offshore oil fields in the late 20th century has been a significant economic boon, with the Hibernia Oil Field being one of the largest.
- Tourism: Newfoundland's natural beauty, wildlife, and cultural attractions attract tourists interested in hiking, whale watching, and cultural experiences.
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