Old French literature spans from the 9th to the 14th centuries, marking a significant period in the development of French literature. This era encompasses the transition from Latin to vernacular languages in literary expression, particularly in what is now modern-day France.
The earliest surviving examples of Old French literature are found in the Chanson de Roland, dating back to around the late 11th or early 12th century. This epic poem, which recounts the legendary battle of Roncevaux Pass, is one of the oldest surviving major works of French literature. It exemplifies the medieval epic tradition, focusing on themes of chivalry, heroism, and Christian piety.
The use of Old French in literature reflects the linguistic evolution from Latin to Romance languages. The language of this period was rich in regional variations, which were gradually standardized through literary works. Old French literature influenced not only subsequent French literature but also had a profound impact on English, German, and other European literatures due to the cultural exchanges during the medieval period.
Old French literature laid the groundwork for the development of modern French literature, setting themes, narrative techniques, and literary forms that would continue to evolve. The themes of chivalry, romance, and courtly love, which were so prevalent, continued to resonate through the centuries, influencing writers like Geoffrey Chaucer and beyond.