Overseas Highway
The Overseas Highway is a 113-mile (181.9 km) scenic highway connecting the mainland of Florida with the Florida Keys, an archipelago of tropical islands. This highway is a significant part of U.S. Route 1, extending from Key West at its southern terminus to Miami on the mainland.
History
- The original construction of the Overseas Highway began in 1905 as a railroad project known as the Florida East Coast Railway, spearheaded by Henry Flagler. This ambitious project aimed to connect Key West with the mainland, facilitating transport and development in the Florida Keys.
- Completed in 1912, the railway was dubbed the "Eighth Wonder of the World" due to its engineering feats. However, it was severely damaged by the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935, which led to its abandonment as a railway.
- After the hurricane, the federal government purchased the railway from Flagler's estate, and the transformation into a highway began. The conversion involved laying roadbed on the existing railway bridges and trestles, with many sections being rebuilt or reinforced to accommodate vehicular traffic.
- The Overseas Highway officially opened to traffic on March 29, 1938, and was initially named the Overseas Road or Overseas Highway and Railway.
Engineering and Construction
- The highway crosses 42 bridges, the longest of which is the Seven Mile Bridge. The current Seven Mile Bridge, built in 1982, parallels the old bridge, with the old structure now serving as a pedestrian walkway and fishing pier.
- The engineering of the highway required overcoming numerous challenges, including dealing with the unique marine environment, hurricanes, and the need for durable construction materials that could withstand saltwater corrosion.
Significance
- The Overseas Highway is not only a vital transportation artery but also an economic lifeline for the Florida Keys, supporting tourism, local commerce, and emergency services.
- It provides visitors with breathtaking views of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, making it one of the most scenic drives in the United States.
Recent Developments
- Continuous improvements are made to ensure safety and durability, with projects focusing on bridge maintenance, road resurfacing, and enhancing infrastructure to handle increased traffic volumes.
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