Pope Alexander VI, born as Rodrigo de Borja or Rodrigo Borgia (c. 1431 – 18 August 1503), was Pope from 11 August 1492 until his death. He was one of the most controversial figures in the history of the Papacy due to his numerous scandals, political machinations, and the promotion of his family's interests.
Rodrigo was born in Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, part of the Crown of Aragon. His uncle, Alfonso Borgia, became Pope Callixtus III in 1455, which significantly boosted Rodrigo's career. Rodrigo studied law at the University of Bologna and was made a cardinal-deacon by his uncle in 1456 at the age of 25.
Upon the death of Pope Innocent VIII in 1492, Rodrigo Borgia was elected pope, taking the name Alexander VI. His election was surrounded by accusations of bribery, with many contemporaries believing that his wealth and influence, rather than divine favor, secured his position.
Pope Alexander VI died in 1503, possibly from malaria, though rumors of poisoning were widespread. His death was followed by the collapse of the Borgia influence in Rome and Italy. His reign has left a lasting mark on the perception of the Renaissance papacy, often seen as a period of corruption and moral decay within the Catholic Church.