The Provisional Government of the French Republic
The Provisional Government of the French Republic was established on March 21, 1871, following the fall of Napoleon III's Second French Empire during the Franco-Prussian War. This government was a temporary administration intended to lead France until a more permanent constitutional arrangement could be established.
Formation and Leadership
- After the collapse of the empire, a series of governments were formed, but the most notable was led by Adolphe Thiers, who was appointed as the Chief of the Executive Power by the French National Assembly on February 17, 1871.
- The government was tasked with negotiating peace with Prussia and dealing with internal conflicts, notably the Paris Commune, which arose from the dissatisfaction of the Parisian population with the terms of peace.
Key Events and Policies
- Peace Negotiations: Thiers' government negotiated the Treaty of Frankfurt with Prussia, ending the Franco-Prussian War. This treaty was harsh on France, requiring the cession of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany and a large indemnity.
- Suppression of the Paris Commune: The government moved to suppress the Paris Commune, which resulted in the Bloody Week in May 1871, where thousands were killed or imprisoned.
- Political Maneuvering: The government under Thiers faced opposition from both monarchists, who wanted to restore the monarchy, and republicans, who advocated for a republic. This period was marked by political instability and debates over the future form of government.
End of the Provisional Government
The Provisional Government was dissolved when the French Third Republic was officially proclaimed in 1875, although Thiers continued to play a significant role until his resignation in 1873.
Legacy
This period was pivotal in French history, marking the transition from imperial rule to a republic, albeit with significant internal conflict and external pressure. The government's handling of the Commune and the harsh terms of peace with Germany left a lasting impact on French politics and society.
Sources
Related Topics