Ptolemy II Philadelphus was the pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 283 to 246 BC. He was the son of Ptolemy I Soter and Berenice I, and his reign marked a period of significant cultural and economic prosperity in Egypt.
Born around 308 BC, Ptolemy II was originally co-ruler with his father until Ptolemy I's death in 283 BC, after which he assumed full control of the kingdom. His ascension was not without its challenges, as he faced internal rivalry, particularly from his half-brother Ptolemy Keraunos, who eventually fled to Macedonia.
Ptolemy II married his sister Arsinoe II in a move to consolidate power, which was not uncommon in Hellenistic royal families. This marriage was celebrated for its political and cultural implications, further solidifying his rule. They were both deified during their lifetime, a practice that was more Egyptian than Greek, highlighting the cultural fusion of the era.
Ptolemy II Philadelphus left behind a legacy of cultural syncretism, economic growth, and military strength. His reign was pivotal in establishing Egypt as a major power in the Hellenistic world. He died in 246 BC, succeeded by his son Ptolemy III Euergetes.