Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty, also known as the Great Qing, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro in 1644, ruling over China proper from 1644 to 1912, with control over vast regions including Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, and Taiwan. Here are some key aspects:
Foundation
- Started by Nurhaci, who unified the Manchu tribes, and his son Hong Taiji who declared the establishment of the Qing in 1644 after conquering Beijing.
- The dynasty's name, "Qing," means "pure" or "clear" in Chinese, symbolizing a new beginning for China.
Political Structure
- The Qing maintained the traditional Mandate of Heaven system but introduced new bureaucratic elements like the Grand Council and the Censorate.
- The court was divided into Manchu and Han Chinese officials, with the former holding significant power.
Expansion and Control
Cultural and Economic Achievements
- The Kangxi Dictionary was compiled, standardizing the Chinese language.
- The dynasty saw economic prosperity, with the Grand Canal and Silk Road facilitating trade.
- The Siku Quanshu, one of the largest collections of books in Chinese history, was compiled during this period.
Decline and Fall
End of the Dynasty
Legacy
- The Qing left a significant legacy in Chinese culture, law, and administrative systems, with many of its institutions influencing modern China.
- Artifacts and documents from the Qing period are highly valued for their historical significance.
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