Romans
The Romans were the citizens of Ancient Rome, a civilization that played a pivotal role in shaping Western civilization through its governance, culture, language, and technology. Here is a detailed overview:
History
- Founding: Traditionally, Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus, twin brothers raised by a she-wolf. However, archaeological evidence suggests settlements existed much earlier.
- Monarchy to Republic: Initially a monarchy, Rome transitioned to a republic around 509 BC after the expulsion of the last king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus.
- Expansion: Rome expanded through military conquests, leading to the Punic Wars against Carthage and eventually dominating the Mediterranean world.
- From Republic to Empire: Internal strife led to the rise of Julius Caesar, whose assassination in 44 BC ushered in a power struggle culminating with Augustus becoming the first Roman Emperor in 27 BC, marking the start of the Roman Empire.
- Imperial Period: The empire saw its greatest extent under Trajan but also periods of crisis and decline, leading to the eventual split into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire).
- Decline and Fall: The Western Roman Empire officially ended in 476 AD when Romulus Augustulus was deposed, while the Eastern Roman Empire continued until the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
Culture
Legacy
The influence of the Romans is seen in numerous aspects of modern life:
- Legal System: Roman law principles are foundational in civil law jurisdictions.
- Architecture and Engineering: Roman techniques are still employed in building construction.
- Language: Latin remains the basis for scientific nomenclature and many legal terms.
- Government: Concepts like Senate, Consul, and Republic are derived from Roman political structures.
Sources
See Also