San-Lorenzo-Tenochtitlán
San-Lorenzo-Tenochtitlán is an ancient Mesoamerican site located in the present-day state of Veracruz, Mexico. This site is notable for its significant contributions to understanding the Olmec Civilization, which is considered one of the earliest complex societies in Mesoamerica.
History
- Foundational Period: The site was first occupied around 1500 BCE, making it one of the oldest known settlements of the Olmec culture. It served as a major center for the Olmecs, known for their colossal heads, monumental architecture, and sophisticated art.
- Peak Influence: During its peak from approximately 1200 to 900 BCE, San-Lorenzo-Tenochtitlán was likely the most important political, religious, and economic center of the Olmec civilization.
- Decline: By 900 BCE, the site experienced a decline, possibly due to environmental changes, internal conflicts, or shifts in political power. By 600 BCE, it was largely abandoned.
Archaeological Significance
- Monumental Architecture: The site contains several notable features including:
- Olmec Colossal Heads: Ten of these massive basalt heads have been found at San-Lorenzo-Tenochtitlán, with the largest weighing up to 20 tons.
- Red Painted Court: A unique feature is a large plaza covered with red pigment, suggesting its use for ceremonial purposes.
- Urban Planning: The layout of the site suggests an organized urban planning with residential areas, ceremonial centers, and possible marketplaces.
- Art and Artifacts: Discoveries at the site include intricate carvings, jade artifacts, and pottery, indicating a rich cultural heritage and trade network.
Context
San-Lorenzo-Tenochtitlán provides critical insights into the early development of complex societies in the Americas. Its influence is seen in:
- The spread of Olmec Iconography and art styles to other Mesoamerican cultures.
- The development of political and religious institutions that would later be adapted by subsequent civilizations like the Maya and Aztec.
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