Sardinian-Archipelago
The Sardinian-Archipelago is a term often used to describe the group of islands that surround the island of Sardinia, which is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. This archipelago includes not only Sardinia but also numerous smaller islands, islets, and rocks spread around its coast. Here's a detailed look at the Sardinian-Archipelago:
Geography
- Sardinia itself is the central and largest island of the archipelago, with a land area of 24,090 square kilometers.
- The surrounding islands include La Maddalena Archipelago, which consists of seven main islands and numerous smaller islets off the northeast coast of Sardinia. Notable islands in this group include Caprera, Santo Stefano, and Spargi.
- To the south, the Sulcis Archipelago features islands like Sant'Antioco, San Pietro, and Carloforte.
- Other significant islands around Sardinia are Asinara, Isola di Tavolara, and the Isola dei Cavoli.
History
- The Sardinian-Archipelago has a rich historical background, with evidence of human settlement dating back to the Neolithic period. The Nuragic Civilization, which thrived on Sardinia from the Bronze Age, left behind numerous nuraghi (ancient stone structures).
- Over the centuries, the archipelago has been occupied by various cultures including Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Arabs, and finally, the Kingdom of Sardinia, which was part of the Spanish Empire until the 18th century.
- The La Maddalena Archipelago gained strategic importance during the Napoleonic Wars, serving as a naval base for the British fleet.
Environment and Nature
- The Sardinian-Archipelago is known for its pristine marine environments, with clear waters, diverse marine life, and unique ecosystems. Many areas are protected as part of national parks or marine reserves, like the National Park of the Archipelago of La Maddalena.
- The islands are home to endemic species, both flora and fauna, due to their isolation. The Sardinian Deer (Cervus elaphus corsicanus) is one notable species.
Culture and Tourism
- The islands of the archipelago have their own distinct cultures, often influenced by their historical occupants. For example, Carloforte on San Pietro Island has a unique Ligurian dialect and culture due to its settlement by Ligurian fishermen in the 18th century.
- Tourism is significant, with visitors attracted by the natural beauty, historical sites, and the unique traditions of the islands. Activities include sailing, diving, and exploring archaeological sites.
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