The Senate of France, also known as the Sénat in French, is the upper house of the French Parliament, alongside the National Assembly. Here's detailed information about this institution:
History and Evolution
- The Senate's roots can be traced back to the French Revolution, with various iterations of a second legislative chamber appearing over time.
- The modern form of the Senate was established by the Constitution of the Fifth Republic in 1958, which replaced the previous Fourth Republic system.
- The Senate has undergone several reforms, notably in 2003, which aimed to reduce the number of senators, modify election procedures, and enhance its role in the legislative process.
Role and Function
- The Senate shares legislative power with the National Assembly, but in practice, the Assembly has more power since it can override Senate objections.
- It reviews bills proposed by the government or the National Assembly, often acting as a revising chamber.
- The Senate can also initiate legislation, though the process is more complex than for the National Assembly.
- It plays a significant role in overseeing the executive branch, particularly through its right to question ministers and its participation in the appointment of various officials.
Composition and Election
- The Senate comprises 348 senators as of the last election in 2017. The number of senators can change with population shifts.
- Senators are elected indirectly by an electoral college made up of elected representatives from local governments, including regional, departmental, and municipal councils.
- Elections occur every six years, with half of the seats renewed every three years, a system known as "staggered renewal."
- The election process involves a two-round system where a candidate must secure an absolute majority in the first round or face a second round.
Political Structure
- Political groups within the Senate represent various political parties, with the composition reflecting the broader political landscape of France.
- The Senate has a President, who is the third-highest-ranking official in France after the President of the Republic and the Prime Minister.
Location
- The Senate is housed in the Palais du Luxembourg in Paris, a building originally constructed for Marie de' Medici in the early 17th century.
External Links
Related Topics