Strait of Gibraltar
The Strait of Gibraltar is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain in Europe from Morocco in Africa. Here are some detailed facts and historical context:
- Geography: The strait is approximately 58 kilometers (36 miles) long and narrows to as little as 13 kilometers (8.1 miles) at its narrowest point. The depth varies from 300 to 900 meters (980 to 2,950 feet).
- Historical Significance:
- The Strait of Gibraltar has been a significant maritime route since ancient times, serving as the gateway between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic.
- It was known to the Romans as Fretum Gaditanum, after the city of Gades (now Cadiz).
- The Phoenicians, Greeks, and Carthaginians all recognized its strategic importance for trade and military control.
- Mythology and Literature:
- In ancient Greek mythology, the Strait of Gibraltar was associated with the Pillars of Hercules, with each pillar representing Mount Calpe (the Rock of Gibraltar) and Mount Abyla (now Jebel Musa in Morocco).
- The phrase "beyond the Pillars of Hercules" was used to refer to the edges of the known world.
- Military Importance:
- Throughout history, control over the strait has been a key military objective. Gibraltar, on the European side, has been a British Overseas Territory since 1704, playing a pivotal role in various conflicts, including the Battle of Gibraltar.
- It has also been a focal point during World War II for naval operations due to its strategic location.
- Economic Impact:
- The strait is a crucial shipping lane, with around 100,000 ships passing through annually. This traffic includes oil tankers, container ships, and cruise liners.
- It's an essential route for the transport of petroleum from the Middle East and North Africa to Europe.
- Environmental Concerns:
- The strait is a critical migratory route for marine species like whales and dolphins, and it hosts a rich biodiversity.
- There are concerns about pollution, overfishing, and the impact of shipping on marine life.
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