Suez
Suez Canal is a man-made waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea. Here are some key details about Suez and the canal:
History
- Planning and Construction: The idea of a canal linking the Mediterranean and Red Seas dates back to ancient times, but the modern Suez Canal was conceived in the 19th century by Ferdinand de Lesseps. Construction began in 1859 and was completed in 1869.
- Inauguration: The canal was officially opened on November 17, 1869, with a grand celebration attended by numerous dignitaries, including the French Empress Eugénie.
- Ownership and Control: Initially operated by the Universal Maritime Suez Canal Company, the canal came under British control in 1882 after the British occupation of Egypt. Egypt nationalized the canal in 1956, leading to the Suez Crisis.
- Expansion: The canal has undergone several expansions, with the most recent one completed in 2015, allowing for increased traffic and larger ships.
Geography
- Location: The Suez Canal stretches 193.30 km (120 mi) from Port Said on the Mediterranean to Suez on the Red Sea.
- Width: The width varies, with the narrowest part being 205 meters wide, and the canal itself has been expanded to accommodate larger ships.
- Depth: The canal's depth is about 24 meters, allowing for deep-draft vessels to pass.
Economic Impact
- Trade Route: The canal is a vital trade artery, significantly shortening the maritime route between Europe and Asia, thus saving time and fuel for ships.
- Revenue: Egypt earns considerable revenue from canal transit fees. In 2020, the canal generated over $5.6 billion in toll revenues.
Environmental and Strategic Importance
- Environmental Concerns: The canal has environmental implications, including the introduction of invasive species from one sea to another.
- Strategic Significance: The canal is a critical chokepoint for global trade, making it strategically important during conflicts and international disputes.
Incidents
- Suez Crisis: In 1956, Egypt's decision to nationalize the canal led to military intervention by France, United Kingdom, and Israel, known as the Suez Crisis.
- Recent Blockage: In March 2021, the container ship Ever Given ran aground, blocking the canal for six days, causing a major disruption to global trade.
References
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