Sulawesi
Sulawesi, also known as Celebes, is one of the four Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is situated between Borneo and the Maluku Islands. Here are some key points about this island:
Geography
- Sulawesi is characterized by its unique shape, often described as an orchid or a crab, with four distinct peninsulas radiating out from a central core.
- The island has a surface area of approximately 180,681 square kilometers.
- It is surrounded by four major seas: the Celebes Sea, the Banda Sea, the Java Sea, and the Makassar Strait.
History
- Archaeological evidence suggests that Sulawesi has been inhabited for at least 30,000 years, with the discovery of Maros-Pangkep cave art dating back to the Upper Paleolithic era.
- The island was historically known as Celebes, a name given by the Portuguese in the 16th century.
- It played a significant role in the spice trade, particularly with its production of cloves, nutmeg, and other spices, which attracted traders from China, India, and later European powers.
- In the 19th century, the region became part of the Dutch East Indies.
- After Indonesia's independence in 1945, Sulawesi became one of the 34 provinces of Indonesia.
Culture
- Sulawesi is known for its diverse ethnic groups, including the Bugis, Makassar, Minahasa, and Toraja people, each with unique cultural traditions.
- The Toraja Funeral ceremonies are particularly famous for their elaborate rituals and wooden effigies known as tau-tau.
- Traditional arts include the intricate Pinisi boat building, which reflects the seafaring heritage of the region.
Economy
- Agriculture is a major part of the economy, with significant production of coffee, cocoa, and spices.
- The Nickel mining industry is substantial, with Sulawesi being one of the world's largest producers of nickel.
- Fishing and tourism also contribute to the local economy, with attractions like the Togean Islands and Bunaken National Park.
Environment
- The island hosts several national parks and is known for its biodiversity, including unique species like the Tarsier.
- Environmental concerns include deforestation due to logging, mining, and agricultural expansion, which threatens the island's rich ecosystem.
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