Templo-Mayor
The Templo-Mayor was the main temple of the Aztec Empire in their capital city of Tenochtitlan, which is now modern-day Mexico City. Here is detailed information about this significant historical and cultural site:
History
- Foundation: The first phase of construction began in 1325 with the founding of Tenochtitlan, but the temple was continuously expanded and rebuilt over time.
- Reconstructions: The temple was reconstructed several times, with each new ruler typically sponsoring a new building phase. The most significant phases of construction are associated with rulers like Moctezuma I and Ahuitzotl.
- Importance: It was not only the religious center but also symbolized the political power of the Aztec rulers. The temple was dedicated to two deities: Huitzilopochtli, the god of war and the sun, and Tlaloc, the god of rain and fertility.
Structure
- Design: The temple was a stepped pyramid with two shrines on top. The southern side was dedicated to Huitzilopochtli, and the northern side to Tlaloc.
- Height: At its peak, during the reign of Ahuitzotl, it is estimated that the temple reached up to 60 meters (200 feet) in height.
- Decoration: The exterior was decorated with reliefs, sculptures, and carvings depicting various myths, gods, and historical events, including the famous Aztec Calendar Stone.
Discovery and Excavation
- Rediscovery: The temple was rediscovered in 1978 when electrical workers uncovered a large circular stone depicting Coyolxauhqui, leading to extensive archaeological excavations.
- Current Site: Today, the site is part of the Templo Mayor Museum, which houses artifacts found during the excavations, including offerings, sculptures, and remnants of the temple's structure.
Significance
- The Templo Mayor was the center of the Aztec world, both spiritually and politically, influencing the layout and rituals of Tenochtitlan.
- Its discovery has provided invaluable insights into Aztec culture, religion, and urban planning.
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