The Trans-Saharan Trade refers to the network of trade routes that facilitated commerce across the Sahara Desert between the regions of North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa from antiquity until the late 19th century. This trade was pivotal in connecting the Mediterranean world with the heart of Africa, influencing the economic, cultural, and political landscapes of the involved regions.
The roots of the Trans-Saharan Trade can be traced back to the classical era, with evidence suggesting trade connections between the Carthage and the Nok Culture in Nigeria. However, it was during the medieval period, particularly from the 8th century onwards, that the trade flourished due to the introduction of the Camel as a means of transportation, which could endure the harsh desert conditions.
Several major routes crisscrossed the Sahara:
Key commodities included:
The Trans-Saharan Trade was not just an economic activity but also a conduit for cultural exchange:
The trade began to decline in the 19th century due to several factors: