The Union Flag, commonly known as the Union Jack, is the national flag of the United Kingdom. It combines the flags of three constituent countries of the UK: England, Scotland, and Ireland (specifically, the Cross of Saint George, the Saltire of Saint Andrew, and the Cross of Saint Patrick).
The Union Flag is composed of:
The correct arrangement of these elements in the flag involves precise proportions to ensure that each cross is equally represented, leading to a visually balanced design.
The Union Flag is flown from government buildings, on official occasions, and by private citizens. It is also used:
There have been discussions and controversies regarding the Union Flag, particularly concerning its representation of Northern Ireland, which has remained part of the UK after the partition of Ireland in 1921. Additionally, there have been calls to update the flag to reflect contemporary political realities, such as the formation of the European Union, though no changes have been made.