The Valley of Mexico is a highlands plateau located in central Mexico. This area was historically significant as it was the core of the Aztec Empire and today is the location of Mexico City, the capital of Mexico.
Geography and Climate
- The valley sits at an altitude of about 2,240 meters (7,350 feet) above sea level.
- It is surrounded by mountains and volcanic peaks, with Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl being the most notable.
- The climate is generally temperate but can be quite variable due to the high elevation, with cooler temperatures at night.
History
- Pre-Columbian Era: The valley was home to several indigenous groups, most notably the Aztecs, who established their capital, Tenochtitlán, on an island in Lake Texcoco.
- Spanish Conquest: In 1519, Hernán Cortés arrived in the valley, leading to the fall of Tenochtitlán in 1521. The Spanish drained parts of Lake Texcoco to prevent flooding and to make way for the construction of colonial buildings.
- Colonial Period: The city of Mexico City was built over the ruins of Tenochtitlán, becoming the center of New Spain.
- Modern Era: The valley has seen rapid urbanization and industrialization, leading to significant environmental challenges like air pollution and water management issues.
Cultural Significance
- The Valley of Mexico is a cultural and historical heartland of Mexico, with numerous archaeological sites, including Teotihuacan, one of the largest pre-Columbian cities in the Americas.
- It has been a focal point for cultural fusion, where indigenous traditions meet Spanish colonial influences, creating a unique blend of heritage.
Environmental Challenges
- Air Pollution: Due to its topography, the valley traps pollutants, leading to some of the worst air quality in the world at times.
- Water Scarcity: The draining of Lake Texcoco and the over-extraction of groundwater have led to subsidence and a critical shortage of water resources.
Sources
See Also