Vichy Regime
The Vichy Regime was a government established in France during World War II, operating from July 10, 1940, to August 20, 1944. Here are the key points about this regime:
Establishment
- After the defeat of France by Germany in June 1940, the French government, under Prime Minister Philippe Pétain, signed an armistice with Germany on June 22, 1940.
- On July 10, 1940, the National Assembly voted to give Pétain full powers to draft a new constitution, effectively ending the Third Republic.
- The regime was named after the town of Vichy, where the government was established since Paris was occupied by German forces.
Political Structure
- The regime was an authoritarian state with Pétain at its head, holding the title of Chef de l'État Français.
- It aimed to promote a 'National Revolution' to restore traditional French values, including family, work, and fatherland.
- The parliament was replaced by a Council of Ministers and a National Council.
- The regime implemented strict laws against Jews, Communists, Freemasons, and others deemed undesirable, often in collaboration with the German authorities.
Collaboration with Nazi Germany
- The Vichy government collaborated with Nazi Germany, including the implementation of the Final Solution in France, which involved the deportation of Jews.
- The regime also provided military and economic assistance to Germany, including sending workers to Germany under the Relève and Service du Travail Obligatoire programs.
Resistance and Fall
- Despite its collaboration, there was significant resistance within France, including the formation of the French Resistance.
- The liberation of France began with Operation Overlord (D-Day) on June 6, 1944, leading to the eventual collapse of the Vichy regime.
- On August 20, 1944, Charles de Gaulle established a provisional government in France, and the Vichy regime lost its legal standing.
Legacy and Trials
- After the war, many Vichy officials were tried for collaboration, including Pétain, who was sentenced to life imprisonment.
- The Vichy regime's legacy has been one of national shame and has been a focal point for discussions on French complicity in the Holocaust.
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